This work shows the benefits of a virtual graphical environment to model soft faults behavior in the resources of typical manufacturing processes applying Fuzzy Filter Time Series. It is shown in this work that using the programming tool called Scheduling Control Language (SLC), it is possible to improve the level of abstraction to introduce non-deterministic characteristics in the structural and functional description for each resource and the whole definition for the model. A graphical representation is proposed to generate an on-line platform as a virtual manufacturing laboratory. This instrument will be useful for academic, research and industrial applications. This tool can be used for validating and evaluating models, simulation of scheduling tasks and verification of control algorithms.

The great difficulties in treating people and animals suffering from cryptosporidiosis have prompted the development of in vitro experimental models. Due to the models of in vitro culture, new extracellular stages of Cryptosporidium have been demonstrated. The development of these extracellular phases depends on the technique of in vitro culture and on the species and genotype of Cryptosporidium used. Here, we undertake the molecular characterization by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphism of different Cryptosporidium isolates from calves, concluding that all are C. parvum of cattle genotype, although differing in the nucleotide at positions 472 and 498. Using these parasites, modified the in vitro culture technique for HCT-8 cells achieving greater multiplication of parasites. The HCT-8 cell cultures, for which the culture had not been renewed in seven days, were infected with C. parvum sporozoites in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% IFBS, CaCl2 and MgCl2 1 mM at pH 7.2. Percentages of cell parasitism were increased with respect to control cultures (71% at 48 h vs 14.5%), even after two weeks (47% vs 1.9%). Also, the percentage of extracellular stages augmented (25.3% vs 1.1% at 96 h). This new model of in vitro culture of C. parvum will enable easier study of the developmental phases of C. parvum in performing new chemotherapeutic assays.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar os resultados cirúrgicos da vitrectomia com e sem "buckle" escleral para descolamento da retina regmatogênico (DR). MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta e um pacientes com descolamento da retina regmatogênico com proliferação vitreorretiniana (PVR) em diferentes estádios foram submetidos a vitrectomia pars plana como cirurgia primária; 23 pacientes (45,09%) com buckle escleral (grupo 1) e 28 pacientes (54,90%) sem "buckle" escleral (grupo 2). Acuidade visual, complicações do segmento anterior, pressão intra-ocular, estrabismo e razão do redescolamento da retina foram avaliados em ambos os grupos. RESULTADOS: O sucesso anatômico e complicações pós-operatórias foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. A reaplicação da retina foi obtida em 20 dos 23 olhos (87%) no grupo 1 e em 24 dos 28 olhos (85,7%) no grupo 2 após a cirurgia inicial (p=1,000). Aumento da pressão intra-ocular foi notada em 2 olhos (8,7%) no grupo 1 e em 1 olho (3,6%) no grupo 2 (p=0,583). Anormalidades na córnea foram vistas em 3 olhos (13%) no grupo 1 e em 2 olhos (7,19%) no grupo 2 (p=0,647). A acuidade visual melhorou de uma média pré-operatória de 20/200 para uma média de 20/100 no grupo 1 e de 20/400 para 20/100 no grupo 2, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). O período médio de seguimento foi de 10 meses, variando entre 6 e 18 meses. CONCLUSÕES: Ambos procedimentos cirúrgicos tiveram razão semelhante de reaplicação da retina. Complicações intra- e pós-operatória foram semelhantes em ambos os procedimentos. A acuidade visual melhorou significativamente no grupo 2 (vitrectomia sem "buckle" escleral).

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical results of vitrectomy with and without scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). METHODS: Fifty-one patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) at different stages were submitted to pars plana vitrectomy as the primary surgery, 23 patients (45.09%) with scleral buckle (group I) and 28 (54.90%) without scleral buckle (group II). Visual acuity, anterior segment complications, intraocular pressure, strabismus and retina reattachment rate were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The anatomical success and postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 20 of 23 eyes (87%) of group I and in 24 of 28 eyes (85.7%) of group II after the initial surgery (p=1.000). Elevated intraocular pressure was noted in 2 eyes (8.7%) of group I and 1 eye (3.6%) of group II (p=0.583). Corneal abnormalities were seen in 3 eyes (13%) of group I and 2 eyes (7.19%) of the group II (p=0.647). Visual acuity improved from a preoperative median of 20/200 to a median of 20/100 in group 1 and from 20/400 to 20/100 in group 2; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean follow-up period was 10 months, ranging from 6 to 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical procedures had similar reattachment rates. Intra- and postoperative complications were similar considering both procedures. Visual acuity improved significantly in group 2 (vitrectomy without scleral buckling).

El objetivo consistió en estudiar el contenido del aminoácido prolina en hojas de naranja Valencia Citrus sinensis en función del contenido de humedad en un suelo Fluventic Haplustolls. Se presentan resultados de los ciclos (l993-l994-l995-l996-l997). Se utilizó la Naranja Valencia injertada sobre Mandarina Cleopatra Citrus reshni, Limón Volkameriana Citrus volkameriana y Citrange Carrizo Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis. La siembre fue realizada en un suelo Fluventic Haplustolls, franco arenoso, en un diseño completamente aleatorizado y parcelas divididas, regando los árboles cada 5, 10 y 15 días. Se formaron diferentes grupos de tratamientos de riego y patrones con relación al contenido de prolina durante los meses: Octubre y Diciembre (l993), Marzo (l995), Febrero (l996) y Marzo (l997) registrándose los mayores valores del aminoácido, cuando se aplicó un intervalo de riego separado 15 días en los patrones Cleopatra y Volkameriana. La mayor extracción de humedad se presentó en los tratamientos donde se utilizó respectivamente los patrones Volkameriana y Cleopatra regados cada 10 y 15 días.

The objetive consisted in a study of the content of the amino acid proline in Valencia Citrus sinensis orange leaves as a function of the water content in a Fluventic Haplustolls soils. Results of the time cycles are presented (l993-l994-l995-l996-l997). the Valencia orange was grafted on Mandarine Cleopatra Citrus reshni, Lemon Volkameriana Citrus volkameriana and Citrange Carrizo Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis. The orange plants were established in totally randomized split plot, design, with an irrigation interval of 5, 10 and 15 days. Different groups of irrigation treatments and patterns were formed with relationship to the proline content during the months: October and December (l993), March (l995), February (l996) and March (l997) registering the greatest values in amino acids, when irritagion intervals of 15 days were applied in grafting Cleopatra and Volkameriana. The greatest extraction of moisture was present in the treatments where Volkameriana and Cleopatra grafting was used respectively with irrigation every 10 and l5 days.